RECOUNT TEXT

Recount text is a text that is used to retell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.
Social Function : To retell past event for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

GENERIC STRUCTURE
 ORIENTATION
It’s about who was involved, what happened, where this event took place and when it happened.

 EVENT (S)
It’s about what happened in chronological order.

 RE-ORIENTATION
The conclusion of the experience.

SIGNIFICANT GRAMMAR FEATURES

 Focuses on individual participants.
 Use of material process.
 Circumstances of theme and places.
 Use of the past tense.
LANGUAGE FEATURES
 Use of past tenses
(Ex: went, spent, played)
 Use of time conjunctions
(Ex: and, but, after, then)
 Use of adverbs of time in the past
(Ex: yesterday, last week, two days ago)
 Use of personal pronoun
(Ex: I, we)

Read more...

invitation

invitation is to invit someone or people to come to an event.

expression of inviting :
1. please come to my party
2. i want you yo join to ......
3. let's go to .....

accepting invitstion :
1. thanks, i will came
2. OK
3. Sure

rejecting invitation :
1. no, thank you
2. sorry, i can't come

EXAMPLES :
Dicky : Tasya, do you have time tomorrow morning?
Tasya : Yeah......I think so. Why?
Dicky : i will go to Museum with Dika and Virna. will you join us?
Tasya : i'd love to.thanks.....

Read more...

listening : make me a copy please...

Description:
Often time student are not able to communicating clearly what they would like to say.
It is purpose of this lesson to help student understand to need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student. In addition the student listening will learn to be a more affective listener.


Goal: Students will understand to need to be articulate when communicating
Objectives:
1. the student will use descriptive eplications to guide another student in completing the task.
2. The student will explain the importance of being articulate and the frustration when directions are unclear.


Background Information:
• This activity will teach student to explain what they see and guide another student in reproducing the drawing by what they are told
Concepts: Student will able to:
1. Explain and articulate the steps to reproducing a drawing
2. Follow directions as closely as possible
3. Communicate with follow students to accomplish the given task

Read more...

grEEtingS

greeting is an act of communication in which human beings intenkonally make their presence known to each other, two attention to, and to siggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.

Kinds of greeting :
* Good morning
* hello
* hi
* how are you ?
* how do you do ?

how do you introduce your self ?
-lets me introduce my self, my name is Dewi kartini .
-hello i'm jason.
-hi, i'm Dewi kartini. you can call me dewi.

how do you introduce other people ?
-i would like you to meet Dinda.
-i would to introduce Gerry Saputra

how do you close or end conversation ?
-well, i must be off now. I'll talk to you later !!
-I'm sorry,but i have to go now. See you later !!

EXAMPLES :
Hellen : hi IndRa.How are you this morning ?
Indra : hello Hellen. i'm fine.thank you.

Read more...

vocabs : shapes, parts of body

SHAPES

Simple Straight sided shapes
Rectangle
Square
Triangle
Simple Rounded shapes
Circle
Oval
3D shapes
Cone
Cube
Cylinder
Pyramid
Sphere
Mathematical shapes
Parallelogram
Pentagon - 5 sides
Octagon - 8 sides
Miscellaneous shapes
Diamond
Heart


Part of Body

The Body = Tubuh
1.Hair = Rambut
2.Head = Kepala
3.Neck = Leher
4.Throat = Tenggorokan
5.Shoulder = Bahu
6.Chest = Dada
7.Back = Punggung
8.Waist = Pinggung
9.Stomach = Perut
10.Hip = Pinggul
11.Bottom = Pantat
12.Armpit = Ketiak
13.Arm = Lengan
14.Upper arm = Lengan Atas
15.Elbow = Siku
16.Forearm = Lengan Bawah
17.Wrist = Pergelangan Tangan
18.Fist = Kepalan Tangan
19.Hand = Tanagn
20.Palm = Tapak Tangan
21.Thumb = Ibu Jari
22.Finger = Jari Tangan
23.Nail = Kuku
24.Leg = Kaki
25.Thigh = Paha
26.Knee = Lutut
27.Calf = Betis
28.Ankle = Pergelangan Kaki
29.Foot = Kaki
30.Heel = Tumit
31.Instep = Kura-Kura Kaki
32.Sole = Tapak Kaki
33.Toes = Jari Kaki

THE INSIDES = ORGAN DALAM
1.Brain = Otak
2.Windpipe = Batang Tenggorokan
3.Heart = Jantung
4.Lung = Paru-Paru
5.Liver = Hati
6.Kidney = Ginjal
7.Intestines = Usus
8.Bladder = Kandung Kemis
9.Vein = Pembuluh Balik
10.Artery = Pembuluh Nadi
11.Muscle = Otot

THE EYE = MATA
1.Eyeball = Bola Mata
2.Eyebrow = Alis Mata
3.Eyelid = Kelopak Mata
4.Eyelashes = Bulu Mata
5.Pupil = Manik Mata
6.Iris = Selaput Pelangi

The Face = Wajah
1.Eye = Mata
2.Noise = Hidung
3.Ear = Telinga
4.Mouth = Mulut
5.Cheek = Pipi
6.Chin = Dagu
7.Temple = Pelipis
8.Forehead/Brow = Dahi/Kenig
9.Jaw = Rahang
10.Moustache = Kumis
11.Beard = Janggut
12.Tooth = Gigi
13.Lip = Bibir
14.Tongue = Lidah

Read more...

procedure text

Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved throught a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different precces in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjuction such as first,second,, them, , next, finally, etc.

The generic structures of procedure text are :

1. Goal/aim (or title)
2. Materials (not required for all procedural texts)
3. Steps (the actions that must be taken)

Read more...

gaining attention

Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want.

Asking for attention (formal)
• Exuse me, I wonder if I could trouble you
• May I have your attention, please?
• Exuse me....
• Sorry to trouble you
• Sorry to bother you

Asking for attention (Informal)
• Look at me!!!!
• Look what I’ve got here
• Look here
• Look!!!!
• Hey!!!
• Attention Please


Showing attention
• I see
• Oh , yes...
• Mmmmm....
• Ahaaa...
• How interesting
• I know what you mean
• Oh, oh
• Well’ well, well
• Tell me more about it
• Wow....
• Really?
• Oh my god!!! Wkat happens next?
• And then what?
• What’s next?
• Is that all?
• Indeed?

example :
nuri ; attention please
yoseph ; Oh yes

Read more...

simple present tense

Definition :
The simple present tense is used to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes; to give instructions or directions; to express fixed arrangements, present or future.

In The Simple Present Tense we can meet Adverb Of Time.
They are….
Adverb of Time
• Always
• Never
• Every
• Often
• Seldom
• Usually
• Sometimes

There are two kinds of Simple Present Tense…


A. VERBAL SENTENCE
Affirmative Form
S +V1(-s/-es) +Object
Examples..
I read the book.
She goes to school every day.

Negative Form
S+ do/does+ not+ V1+ object
Examples..
I do not read book.
She does not go to school every day.

Interrogative
Do/does+ S+ V1+ Object + ?

Examples...
Do I read the book ?
Does she go to school every day?



B. NOMINAL SENTENCE

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
S+ to be(am/is/are)+ noun/adjective/adverb

Examples
I am a student.
He is handsome.

NEGATIVE FORM
S+ to be+ not+ noun/adjective/adverb

Examples…
I am not student.
He is not handsome.

INTERROGATIVE FORM
To be+ S+ noun/adjective/adverb

Examples…
Am I student?
Is he handsome?

Read more...

perfect tense

Present Perfect Tense is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: He has arrived. Now he is here. This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occurred.
The pattern :
(+) S + has/have + V3 + O.
(-) S + has/have + not + V3 + O.
(?) Has/Have + S + V3 + O + ?
Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form:
— I have arrived.
A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has:
— I have not arrived.
Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has:
— Has she arrived?
Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened
The pattern :
(+) Subject + had+verb III+cmplement
(-) Subject + had not+ver III+complement
(?) Had + subject +verb III+complement
Adverbs used :
from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.

Read more...

reading

Definition of reading :
a. Learning to read means learning to pronounce word.
b. Learning to read means learning to identify words and get their meaning.
c. Learning to read means learning to bring meaning to a text in order to get meaning from it.

Read more...

writing

Definition of writing : art of forming letters and characters on paper, wood, stone or other ,materials.
The purpose of writing is an idea to communicating the peoples about something by interest sign.
Kinds of writing:
1. A pamphlet
2. A book
3. A literaty production
Examples of writing:
“ I am a little pencil in the hand of writing God who is sending a love letter to the world. “ ( by Mother Teresa )

Read more...

sympathy expression

Expressing sympathy is used to expression sympathy felling or care to someone who has problem or accident.

Kinds of expressing sympathy :
That’s awfull.
That’s a shame. Poor you.
That’s a pity. I express my deeps.
That’s a terrible.
That’s too bad.
That’s dread full.
What a shame.
What a pity.
How terrible!
How dread full!
I’m sorry to hear that.
I’m sorry to know that.
I’m sympathy with you.
I’m so sad to hear that.
I’m so sad to know that.
I can sympathy.
I know the felling.
I know what you feel.
Oh no………
Oh dear………!

Accepting sympathy :
Thank you.
Thanks.
Thank you very much.
Thank you so much.

Read more...

simple past tense

Simple past tense is used to indicate the activity in the past. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. So, it is commonly used in a story telling.

The formula of Simple Past Tense :
Without Verb :
(+) S + to be (was/were) + Obj. / Compliment
(-) S + to be (was/were) + not + Obj. / Compliment
(?) To be (was/were) + S + Obj. / Compliment + ?
Example : (+) I was at home last night
(-) I was not at home last night
(?) Was I at home last night?
With Verb :
(+) S + V2 + Compliment
(-) S + did + not + V1 + Compliment
(?) Did + S + V1 + Compliment + ?
Example : (+) I called him last night.
(-) I did not call him last night.
(?) Did I call him last night?
Time Signal of Simple Past Tense :
* Yesterday
* Yesterday afternoon
* Last night
* Last month
* Last week
* Last year
* An hour ago
* In 1978

Read more...

narrative text

Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/ non fiction/ tales/ folktales/ fables/ myths/ epic) and in its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution.

Generic Structure
- Orientation
- Complication
- Evaluation (Optional)
- Resolution

- Orientation : It is about WHO, WHEN, and WHERE the story happened
- Evaluation : Is optional; it is usually used to make the story. Complication is the part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story (it is possible to make more than one conflict in a complication), and it is the climax of the story (the big problem in the story). A story can here more than one complication.
- Resolution : It is the solution of the problem. It can be a happy or sad ending. In resolution, the solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written
- Coda : It is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral value of life

Example : The story of Cinderella, Snow White, Snow Maiden, The Little Pear Girl, The Ugly Duckling, etc.


Example of narrative text :
Why do hawks hunt chicks?

Once upon a time, a hawk fell in love with a hen.The hawk flew down
From the sky and asked the hen,”Will you marry me?”
The hen loved the brave, strong hawk and wished to marry him.
But she said,” I cannot fly as high as you can. If you give me time, I may
learn to fly as high as you. Then we can fly together.”
The hawk agreed. Before he went away, he gave the hen a ring.
“This is to show that you have promised to marry me”, said the hawk.
It so happened that the hen had already promised to marry
A rooster. So, when the rooster saw the ring, he became very angry.
“Throw that ring away at once!” shouted the rooster. The hen was so
Frightened at the rooster’s anger that she threw away the ring immediately.
When the hawk came a few months later the hen told him the truth.
The hawk whild was so furious that he cursed the hen,”Why you don’t
Tell me earlier? Now, you’ll always be stratching the earth, and I’ll always
Be flaying above to catch your children,” said the hawk.

The paragraph 1 : orientation
The paragraph 2 and 4 : complication
The paragraph 3 and 5 : resolution

Read more...

happiness expression

Happiness expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.

Some expressions of happiness
- I’m happy
- I’m (very) pleased / (really) delighted.
- Fantastic!
- I’m so glad to hear that.
- Terrific !
- Great !
- Exciting !

Expressing Happiness : Formal
- I can’t say how pleased I am
- It’s an outstanding adventure.
- It gives me great pleasure.
- I’m really happy.
- It’s an interesting experience.
- It’s a sensational trip.

Read more...

giving instruction

Giving instruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we instruct or request.
Instruction require the person receiving them to do something, or to stop doing it. Instructions are directly addressed to the person who has to do them. Therefore, instructions are one of the few types of English sentences that do not need a subject. The subject is usually “you” (understood). If there is any doubt who should do the instructions, the “naming” form – the vocative is used.

When the commanding word is a verb, you can use the infinitive without to.
• Write the sentences!
• Close the door!
• Sweep the floor!
If you do not use a verb as a commanding word, you use be + adjective.
• Be quiet!
• Be careful!
• Be on time!
When you forbid someone to do something, you use don’t + verb infinitive.
• Don’t touch me!
• Don’t cry!
• Don’t close the web page!
You often put the word “please” at the beginning or at the end of an instruction. You use it to make the instruction sounds more polite.
• Please sit down / Sit down, please.
• Please don’t go / Don’t go, please.

Read more...

direct and indirect speech

Direct Speech : refers to reproducing another persons exact word. We use quotation marks("")



Example of Direct Speech :

1. Jani said, “I’m very busy .”

2. They said, “We have bought a picture.”

3. He said, “I am learning my lesson.”

4. Lisa says, “I got the first prize.”

5. You said, “I will come to help him.”

6. Oskar will say, “I will do my best.”



Indirect speech : refers to reproducing the idea of another persons
word. There are 3 kinds of indirect speech :

1. Imperative (command/request)

2. interrogative (question)

3. Declarative (statement)


Example :
1. Imperative (command / request)
Direct : Mrs. Rika said to Dina, "Don't worry about it."
Indirect : Mrs. Rika told Dina not to worry about it.

2. Interrogative (question)
Direct : Risa asked to Nico, "Are you a journalist?"
Indirect : Risa asked if / whether He was journalist.

3. Declarative (statement)
Direct : Mr. Dion said, "I worked hard yesterday."
Indirect : Mr. Dion said that he worked hard the day before.

In command sentences, direct speech can changed to indirect speech with change "Said" to be "Ordered", "Told", and "Forbade".

Example :
1. Direct : Hamid said, "Open the door!"
Indirect : Hamid ordered to open the door.

2. Direct : Hamid said, "Dul, come here!"
Indirect : Hamid told Dul to come there.

3. Direct : Hamid said to Andi, "Do not disturb me!"
Indirect : Hamid forbade Andi to disturb him.

Read more...

advertisement

Advertisement is information for persuade an motivation a people so that it will attracted them to the service and things that are offered.

* The functional advertisement is for:
- Promotion,
- Communication,
- Information.

* Kinds of advertisement:
A. Family advertisement,
B. Invitation advertisement,
C. Sponsored advertisement,
D. Advertisement that praises goods which is advertised,
E. Requested advertisement,
F. News advertisement,
G. Announcement advertisement.

* In making an advertisement, keep the following points:
1. Language of advertisement:
A. Using the correct or suitable world,
B. Using the interesting expression and suggestive,
C. Using positive mutations,
D. Text of advertisement should directly to the …. ,
2.Advertisement content:
A. Objective and honest,
B. Brief and clear,
C. Don’t to allude group and to other procedure,
D. Attractive attention.

Example:
Ladies and gentleman,
This is a special announcement for the passengers caviling on Garuda Indonesia flight number GA 021 to Sydney. Garuda Indonesia regrets to announce a delay to departure of this flight , due to leave at 10.00 am . The new departure time for this flight will be announced as soon as possible . In the meantime, passengers are invited to lounge B for flight refreshment compliments of the airline. Please present your boarding pass.

Read more...

appointment

Making appointments is a promise that is made by someone in his/ her life to someone or other people.

Appointment may refer to a number of things, including the following:
• An appointment is a time reserved for something such as a doctor visit, much like a reservation.
• An appointment, in government refers to the assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court. This may also happen for an office which is normally elected, but has an unexpected vacancy. A person appointed but not yet in office is a designee.
• The power of appointment, in law, is the ability of a testator to select another person to dispose of the testator's property.
• An appointment of clergy, in Christianity, is made by a bishop to a particular ministry setting, particularly in denominations which practice episcopal forms of church government and polity (such as Anglicanism and United Methodist Church.) Typically, a pastor is appointed to a particular church or parish.
• Appointment is used to describe a system of selecting candidates in which the choice is made by an individual or panel rather than by a poll of the populace in general (election), or through random selection (allotment/sortition) as used to select juries.

Making an appointment ( formal )

1. I’d like to make an appointment with ….
2. I’d like to make an appointment to see ….
3. I’d like you to come and see me ….
4. I want to make an appointment to see ….

Accepting an appointment

1. All right, see you there.
2. No problem, I’m free on.
3. Be there on time.
4. I’ll wait for your there.
5. It’s a deal.

Cancelling an appointment

1. I’m sorry, I’m very busy.
2. I’m terribly sorry I have to put off my appointment.
3. I’m affraid, I have to postpone my appointment with tomorrow morning.
Making an appointment is making a plan to do something with someone or people for now or future.

Making an appointment ( informal )

1. Can I come and see you ?
2. I’ll be there ….
3. What about …. ( Thursday ) ?

Changing an appointment

1. Could we change the day ( time) of the meeting ?
2. Would you mind if we change the day of the playing futsal?

Example :

Eri : Rere, I have a serious problem. I need to talk to you. Could we meet today?
Rere : what time ?
Eri : After we have a course.
Rere : Ok, I’ll be there.

Read more...

announcement

Announcement is something said, written or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what will happen.

In writing an announcement, keep the following points :
• The title/type of event.
• Date/time.
• Place.
• Who to contact.


Example of announcement :


School Announcement

Saturday morning basketball matches will begin on Saturday, January 1. the events will run from 09.00 – 11.00am for the next four weeks. The final tournament will be held on February 8. for more information, contact Intan (0857) 1234567.

Read more...